Demographic factors refer to the characteristics of a population that are used to describe and analyze its composition. These factors may include age, gender, race, ethnicity, education level, income, occupation, marital status, family size, and geographic location. Researchers study demographic factors to understand patterns and trends within a population, such as changes in population size, distribution, or growth rates. Demographic factors can also help policymakers make informed decisions on issues such as healthcare, education, housing, and social services.